Explain the meaning of positivism. How does the scientific study of juvenile delinquency (and crime in general) differ from earlier explanations for this behavior?
Explain the rational choice theory of criminal behavior. Why is it difficult to apply to adolescent delinquent behavior?
Explain how the study of ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) is an example of a biosocial theory.
Use the concepts of differential association and differential reinforcement to explain the changes in behavior of Geoffrey Canada during his early adolescence and young adulthood.
Explain the concept of collective efficacy. What are the characteristics of communities with high levels of collective efficacy? How does collective efficacy reduce delinquency? Why are communities that are socially disorganized have less collective efficacy?
Explain Merton’s theory of a mismatch or strain between goals and means in the pursuit of the American Dream. How does this theory help to explain delinquent behavior?
Define Matza and Syke’s techniques of neutralization. What are some common examples of this type of rationalization?
Identify the four dimensions of social bonds. Explain how Travis Hirschi’s theory of social bonds predicts delinquent behavior.
Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance. What is the policy of radical non-intervention? Why did Schur believe this was an effective way to prevent delinquency?
Identify the key dynamics at the heart of critical theories of delinquency. In these theories what are the central factors shaping lives of poor youth that result in juvenile justice system involvement?
