1. Arguments

1.1 Does the conclusion follow from the reasons the author gives?

• Affirming and denying | PDF Document | (0.159Mb)
• Converting claims - Affirming and Denying | Word Document | (0.030Mb)
• Qualifiers | PDF Document | (0.153Mb)
• Analytic or Empirical | Word Document | (0.012Mb)
• Does the conclusion follow from the reasons the author gives? | Word Document | (0.021Mb)

1.2 Are there hidden assumptions in the argument? | PDF Document | (0.157Mb)

2. Evidence

2.1 Does the author have enough reliable evidence? | PDF Document | (0.134Mb)

2.2 Does the author represent the evidence accurately? | PDF Document | (0.222Mb)

2.3 Does the author draw reliable inferences from the evidence?

• Invalid causal inferences
  • Invalid causal inferences - cause/correlation | PDF Document | (0.125Mb)
  • Invalid causal inferences - multiple causes and underlying causes | PDF Document | (0.12Mb)
  • Invalid causal inferences - the post hoc fallacy | PDF Document | (0.158Mb)
• Analogies | PDF Document | (0.141Mb)
• Oversimplification | PDF Document | (0.144Mb)

2.4 Does the author draw relevant inferences? | PDF Document | (0.134Mb)

3. Language

3.1 Is the author's meaning clear?

• Abstractions | PDF Document | (0.141Mb)
• Begging the question | PDF Document | (0.119Mb)
• Introduction | PDF Document | (0.163Mb)
• Jargon | PDF Document | (0.111Mb)
• Loaded language | PDF Document | (0.173Mb)

3.2 Does the author use words consistently?

• Contraries and Opposites | Word Document | (0.025Mb)
• Equivocation | PDF Document | (0.106Mb)