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Glossary
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C
chi-square test for goodness of fit - Test of significance used with frequency distributions. Assesses whether sample results conform to expected frequencies based on a model.
chi-square test of independence - Test of significance used with cross-tabulations. Assesses whether there is a relationship between two variables by examining the differences between observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
E
expected frequency - For the chi-square test of independence, the number of cases that would be in each cell if there were no relationship between the two variables (i.e., if the column percentages were identical for all rows).
O
observed frequency - The number of cases in a given cell of a cross-tabulation. Used in calculating chi-square.
R
residual - The vertical distance between each data point and the regression line.
S
standardized residuals - Indicate the relative contribution of each cell to the overall chi-square statistic; show the size and direction of the difference between the expected and observed frequency for each cell.
statistical independence - Two variables are statistically independent of each other when one variable has no influence on the second variable.
