This section contains a collection of some key writings on animal rights law from different regions and countries. We have endeavoured to include sources from as broad a range of jurisdictions as possible and we welcome literature recommendations (including in other languages than English) to make this list even more diverse. If you have suggestions, please email them to Sean Butler or Raffael Fasel.

Institutions and organisations with helpful information about specific jurisdictions are indicated with the following symbol: ➢

1. Africa

Africa generally

• Kai Horsthemke, Animals and African Ethics (Palgrave Macmillan Springer 2016), available at https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137504050

• Kai Horsthemke, ‘Animals and the Law in East, West and Southern Africa’, Animals and African Ethics (Palgrave Macmillan 2016), available at http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137504050

• Glen Martin, Game Changer: Animal Rights and the Fate of Africa’s Wildlife (University of California Press 2012), available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnhcr

• Stephen Nkansah Morgan, ‘The Place of African Animal Ethics within the Welfarist and Rightist Debate: An Interrogation of Akan Ontological and Ethical Beliefs towards Animals and the Environment’ (Doctor of Philosophy in Ethics Studies, University of Kwazulu-Natal 2020), available at https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17346

• Ebunoluwa Olufemi Oduwole and Ademola Kazeem Fayemi, ‘Animal Rights vs. Animal Care Ethics: Interrogating the Relationship to Non-Human Animals in Yorùbá Culture’ in Jonathan O Chimakonam (ed), African philosophy and environmental conservation (First Edition, Routledge 2018), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315099491-7/animal-rights-vs-animal-care-ethics-ebunoluwa-olufemi-oduwole-ademola-kazeem-fayemi

• Munamato Chemhuru (ed), African Environmental Ethics: A Critical Reader (Springer 2019), available at https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-18807-8

• Thaddeus Metz, ‘How to Ground Animal Rights on African Values: Reply to Horsthemke’ (2017) 7 Journal of Animal Ethics 163, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/janimalethics.7.2.0163

• Motsamai Molefe, ‘A Rejection of Humanism in African Moral Tradition’ (2015) 62 Theoria 59, available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43601982.pdf

• Filip Maj, ‘The Animal Other in Thaddeus Metz’s Modal Ubuntu Ethics’ in Elvis Imafidon (ed), Handbook of African philosophy of difference (Springer 2020), available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14835-5_16

Egypt

• Kristen A Stilt, ‘Constitutional Innovation and Animal Protection in Egypt’ (2018) 43 Law & Social Inquiry 1364, available at https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12312

Ethiopia

• Getahun Asebe, Bizelew Gelayenew and Ashwani Kumar, ‘The General Status of Animal Welfare in Developing Countries: The Case of Ethiopia’ (2016) 7 Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology 1, available at https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/the-general-status-of-animal-welfare-in-developing-countries-the-caseof-ethiopia-2157-7579-1000332.pdf

Kenya

• Valentine Nyambura Karanja, ‘A Legal Analysis of Animal Rights in Kenya’ (Bachelor of Laws (LLB) Dissertation, Riara University 2019), available at http://repository.riarauniversity.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/757?show=full

Malawi

• Grivas M. Kayange and Simon Makwinja, ‘Exploring the Ethical Basis of Animal Treatment in Malawi’ (2016) - 24 Journal of Humanities 29, available at https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jh/article/view/151933

South Africa

➢ Animal Law Reform South Africa https://www.animallawreform.org/

• David I Bilchitz and Amy P Wilson, ‘Key Animal Law in South Africa’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2022), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-38/key-animal-law-south-africa-david-bilchitz-amy-wilson

• Kirsten Youens, ‘Animal Rights – A Moral and Legal Discussion on the Standing of Animals in South African Law’ (Master’s thesis, 2001), available at https://youensattorneys.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/animal-rights.pdf

• Amy P Wilson, ‘Animal Law in South Africa: “Until the Lions Have Their Own Lawyers, the Law Will Continue to Protect the Hunter”’ (2019) 10 Derecho Animal. Forum of Animal Law Studies 35, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3542042

• Amy P Wilson, ‘(Non) Human(imal) Rights: Dismantling the Separateness in Law and Policy’ (2020) 3 Society Register 39, available at https://doi.org/10.14746/sr.2019.3.3.03

2. Asia

Asia generally

➢ Institute of Animal Law of Asia https://www.ialasia.org/

China

• Deborah Cao, ‘Key Animal Law in China’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2022), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-35/key-animal-law-china-deborah-cao?context=ubx&refId=3e6c5116-e50f-4584-8de8-e31bb2ca8227

• Peter J Li, Animal Welfare in China: Culture, Politics and Crisis (Sydney University Press 2021), available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1g13jzv

Hong Kong

• Amanda Whitford, ‘Legislation promoting Animal Welfare’; ‘Farm Animals’, in Amanda Whitford and Fiona M Woodhouse, ‘Review of Animal Welfare Legislation in Hong Kong’ (2010) HKU 7010-PPR-5 https://www.ke.hku.hk/f/spotlight/357/802/Review-of-Animal-Welfare-Legisaltion-in-HK.pdf

• Wai Ting Lam, ‘The Imposition of a Positive Duty of Care: Notes on Proposals to Enhance Animal Welfare in Hong Kong’ (2019) 8 Global Journal of Animal Law, available at http://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1695

India

• Sonia Shad and Yashprada Joglekar, ‘Key Animal Law in India’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2022), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-37/key-animal-law-india-sonia-shad-yashprada-joglekar?context=ubx&refId=707580d5-3c31-4ec6-8c03-be9bb600865d

• Maneka Gandhi, Ozair Husain, and Raj Panjwani, Animal Laws of India (6th edn, LexisNexis 2016), available at https://www.nhbs.com/animal-laws-of-india-book

• Bhumika Sharma, Priyanka Sharma, and Priyanka Rajta, ‘Rights of Animals under Indian Legal System: A Judicial Perspection’ (2017) 4 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development 361, available at http://www.ijtrd.com/papers/IJTRD12160.pdf

• Bhumika Sharma and Priyanka Sharma, ‘Legislative Framework Vis-a-Vis Animals: A Comparative Study’ (2017) 28 Nyaya Deep 131, available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351781323_Legislative_Framework_Vis-A-Vis_Animals_A_Comparative_Study

• Navya Jain and Muskan Jain, ‘Animal Cruelty and Rights: Review and Recommendations’ (2020) 1 International Journal of Policy Sciences and Law 747, available at https://ijpsl.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Animal-Cruelty-and-Rights-Review-and-Recommendations_Navya-Jain-Muskan-Jain-.pdf

• Bhumika Sharma and Priyanka Sharma, ‘Rights of Animals at Practice in India’ (2017) 3 Journal on Contemporary Issues of Law 1, available at https://jcil.lsyndicate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Bhumika-Priyanka.pdf

Israel

• Pablo Lerner, ‘מקניין לאישיות משפטית? שינויים במעמדם המשפטי של בעלי החיים [From Property to Legal Personality? Changes in the Legal Status of Animals]’ (2022) VIII Ma’asei Mishpat 53 [in Hebrew], available at https://law.tau.ac.il/Maasei_Mishpat_13

• Yossi Wolfson, ‘מעמד בעלי־החיים במוסר ובמשפט [The Moral and Legal Status of Animals]’ (2000) 2 משפט וממשל 551 [in Hebrew], available at https://law.haifa.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/9-wolfson.pdf

• Marine Lercier, ‘Legal Protection of Animals in Israel’ (2019) XV Journal of Animal and Natural Resource Law 121, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/journal-animal-and-natural-resource-law-vol-15

Japan

• Akimune Yoshida, ‘動物の法的地位に関するフェイヴァー理論の検討 : 「人／物」二元論の再考に向けて’ [An Analysis of Favre’s Theory on the Legal Status of Animals: Towards a Reconsideration of the “Person-Property Dichotomy”]’ (2019) 18 The Hitotsubashi Journal of Law and International Studies 215 [in Japanese], available at https://www.animallaw.info/article/analysis-favre%E2%80%99s-theory-legal-status-animals-towards-reconsideration-%E2%80%9Cperson-property

Kuwait

• Fatemah Albader, ‘Animal Welfare Laws in Kuwait: All Bark, No Bite’ (2021) 17 Journal of Animal and Natural Resource Law 27, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/animal-natural-resource-law-review-volume-xvii

Kazakhstan

• Maria Baideldinova and Frederico Daplane, ‘Animal Law in Kazakhstan: A Survey’ (2016) 2 Global Journal of Animal Law, available at https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1298

• Maria Baideldinova and Frederico Daplane, ‘Recent Developments in Animal Law in Kazakhstan’ (2017) 5(2) Global Journal of Animal Law 135, available at https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1603

Russia

• SS Vasiliev, ‘Защита Прав и Правосубъектность Животных [Animal Rights and Legal Personality]’ (2020) 1 Animal Law 16 [in Russian], available at https://pravo.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/416617869.pdf

• AN Kolupaeva and PV Abbasova, ‘Правосубъектность Животных: Сравнительно-Правовой Анализ Регулирования Российского и Американского Правопорядков [The Legal Personality of Animals: Сomparative Legal Analysis of the Russian and American Regulation of the Rule of Law]’ (2020) 1 Animal Law 57 [in Russian], available at https://pravo.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/416617869.pdf

Pakistan

• Amjad Hussain, AQ Sial, and Ahmad Usman, ‘The Study of Animal Rights and Related Laws in Pakistan’ (2021) 6 GLSR Global Legal Studies Review 96, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).12

• Ahmad Mughal M, ‘Rights of Animals in Pakistan: Constitution and Law’ (2020) Working Paper, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3698976

• Nicole Pallotta, ‘Islamabad High Court Holds That Animals Have Legal Rights’ (org, 2 October 2020), available at https://aldf.org/article/islamabad-high-court-holds-that-animals-have-legal-rights/

• Nicole Pallotta, ‘After Groundbreaking Animal Rights Ruling, Islamabad High Court Continues to Affirm Original Decision’ (org, 19 February 2021), available at https://aldf.org/article/after-groundbreaking-animal-rights-ruling-islamabad-high-court-continues-to-affirm-original-decision/

Philippines

• Timoteo B Aquino, ‘Animals in Philippine Law’ (2018) 1 University of Asia and the Pacific Law Journal 45, available at https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/uaplj1&i=50

South Korea

• Andrew Alberro, ‘The State of Modern South Korean Animal Cruelty Law: An Overview with Comparison to Relevant United States and Swiss Law and the Future’ (2019) 18 Washington University Global Studies Law Review 665, available at https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol18/iss3/5

3. Europe

Europe generally

• Debbie Legge, ‘Key Animal Law across Europe’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2023), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-36/key-animal-law-across-europe-debbie-legge?context=ubx&refId=71158825-faf1-4160-8bdd-47ab92570d58

• Bart Driessen, ‘Fundamental Animal Rights in European Law’ (2017) 23 European Public Law 3, 547, available at https://doi.org/10.54648/euro2017032

• Ilja Richard Pavone, ‘Towards an EU Animal Welfare Law: The Case of Animal Testing and The Limits of New Welfarism’ (2020) 16 Animal and Natural Resource Law Review 193, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/animal-natural-resource-law-review-volume-xvi

• Tom Sparks, ‘Protection of Animals Through Human Rights: The Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights’ in Anne Peters (ed), Studies in Global Animal Law (Springer 2020), available at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-60756-5_13

Austria

• Regina Binder, ‘A Large Step – But Still a Long Way to Go Austrian Welfare Legislation: An Overview’ (2012) 8 Journal of Animal and Natural Resource Law 91, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/journal-animal-and-natural-resource-law-vol-8

Belgium

• Jada Bruccoleri, ‘The Extension of Fundamental Rights to Animals’ (Master of Laws, Ghent University 2018), available at https://libstore.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/479/235/RUG01-002479235_2018_0001_AC.pdf

France

• Jean-Pierre Marguénaud, Florence Burgat and Jacques Leroy, Le Droit Animalier [Animal Law] (Presses universitaires de France 2016) [in French], available at https://www.cairn.info/le-droit-animalier--9782130630609.htm

• Jean-Marc Neumann, ‘The Legal Status of Animals in the French Civil Code’ (2015) 1 Global Journal of Animal Law, available at https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1385/0

• Marie Laffineur-Pauchet, ‘First Animal Code In France: A Response To A Dissonant Animal Law’ (2019) 10 dA.Derecho Animal (Forum of Animal Law Studies) 95, available at https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.359

Germany

• Kate M Nattrass, ‘’…Und die Tiere’ Constitutional Protection for Germany’s Animals’ (2004) 10 Animal Law 283 https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/vol10_p283.pdf

• Saskia Stucki, Grundrechte für Tiere: Eine Kritik des geltenden Tierschutzrechts und rechtstheoretische Grundlegung von Tierrechten im Rahmen einer Neupositionierung des Tieres als Rechtssubjekt [Fundamental Rights for Animals: A Critique of Current Animal Protection Law and Legal Theoretical Foundation of Animal Rights Based on a New Positioning of Animals as Legal Subjects] (Nomos 2016) [in German], available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv941v1z

Hungary

• Zoltan Toth, ‘Animal Protection and Animal ’Rights’ in Hungary’ (2012) 4 Jogelméleti Szemle 166, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645712

Netherlands

• Eleanor Evertsen and Wim De Kok, ‘Legal Protection of Animals: The Basics’ (2009) 5 Journal of Animal Law 91 https://www.animallaw.info/policy/journal-animal-law-table-contents-volume-5

Norway

• Ellen-Marie Forsberg, ‘Inspiring Respect for Animals Through the Law? Current Development in the Norwegian Animal Welfare Legislation’ (2011) 24 Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 351 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10806-010-9263-5

Poland

• Przemysław Paliwoda and Bartłomiej Bąk, ‘Legal Dereification of Animals – the Polish Experience’ (2015) 6 Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 2, 110 https://asej.eu/index.php/asej/article/view/523/461

Portugal

• Fernando Arajúo, ‘The Recent Development of Portuguese Law in the Field of Animal Rights’ (2005) 1 Journal of Animal Law 61 https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Law%202005.01.pdf

Spain

• Marita Gimenez-Candela, ‘The De-Objectification of Animals in the Spanish Civil Code’ (2018) 9(3) Derecho Animal (Forum of Animal Law Studies) 28 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328031716_The_De-objectification_of_Animals_in_Spanish_Civil_Code

Sweden

• Frida Lundmark Hedman, Charlotte Berg, and Margareta Stéen, ‘Thirty Years of Changes and the Current State of Swedish Animal Welfare Legislation’ (2021) 11 animals 1, available at https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/10/2901

• Helena Striwing, ‘Animal Law and Animal Rights on the Move in Sweden’ (2002) 8 Animal Law 93, available at https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/lralvol8_p093.pdf

Switzerland

➢ Tier im Recht https://www.tierimrecht.org/en/

• Charlotte E Blattner and Raffael N Fasel, ‘Grundrechte jenseits der “anthropologischen Schranke”? Die Primateninitiative im Lichte des wegweisenden Urteils des Verfassungsgerichts Basel-Stadt’ [Fundamental Rights Beyond the ‘Anthropological Barrier’? The Primate Rights Initiative in the Context of the Ground-breaking Decision of the Constitutional Court of Basel-Stadt] (2020) sui generis 413 [in German], available at: https://sui-generis.ch/plugins/generic/pdfJsViewer/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fsui-generis.ch%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2Fsg.152%2F1588%2F

• Charlotte E Blattner and Raffael N Fasel, ‘Primaten als Grundrechtsträger: Überlegungen zum ersten bundesgerichtlichen Tierrechtsurteil’ [Primates as Holders of Fundamental Rights: Reflections on the First Animal Rights Decision of the Federal Supreme Court] (2021) Recht 61 [in German], available at: https://recht.recht.ch/de/artikel/01re0221abh/primaten-als-grundrechtstrager-uberlegungen-zum-ersten-bundesgerichtlichen

• Gieri Bolliger, ‘Legal Protection of Animal Dignity in Switzerland: Status Quo and Future Perspectives’ (2016) 22 Animal Law 2, 311, available at https://tierimrecht.org/documents/1353/GieriBolliger_LegalProtectionofAnimalDignityinSwitzerland_in_AnimalLawReview.pdf

• Vanessa Gerritsen, ‘Animal Welfare in Switzerland – Constitutional Aim, Social Commitment, and a Major Challenge’ (2013) 1(1) Global Journal of Animal Law, available at https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1296 

• Stefanie Schindler, ‘The Animal’s Dignity in Swiss Animal Welfare Legislation – Challenges and Opportunities’ (2013) 84(2) European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 251, available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0939641113000829

Ukraine

• Ivan V Yatsenko and others, ‘Animal Rights and Protection Against Cruelty in Ukraine’ (2020) 1(41) Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 91 http://repo.snau.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7669

United Kingdom

➢ A-Law – UK Centre for Animal Law https://www.alaw.org.uk/

➢ The Animal Law Foundation https://animallawfoundation.org/

• Mike Radford, Animal Welfare Law in Britain: Regulation and Responsibility (Oxford University Press 2001), available at https://global.oup.com/academic/product/animal-welfare-law-in-britain-9780198262459?cc=gb&lang=en&

• Mike Radford, ‘“Unnecessary Suffering”: The Cornerstone of Animal Protection Legislation Considered’ (1999) Criminal Law Review 702, available at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11863025/

• Does Animal Protection Law in Great Britain Reflect Animal Rights Theory? in Lyne Letourneau, ‘Animal Protection Law in Great Britain: In Search of the Existing Moral Orthodoxy’ (Doctor of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen 2000), available at https://www.proquest.com/openview/ac4e7dc0dc75097a975a1fc952cc179e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y

4. North America

United States

➢ Animal Legal Defense Fund https://aldf.org/

➢ Nonhuman Rights Project https://www.nonhumanrights.org/

• Bruce A Wagman, Sonia Waisman and Pamela D Frasch, Animal Law: Cases and Materials (Sixth edition, Carolina Academic Press 2019), available at https://cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781531010997/Animal-Law-Sixth-Edition

• Matthew Liebman, ‘Key Animal Law in the United States’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2022), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-39/key-animal-law-united-states-matthew-liebman?context=ubx&refId=fcd06098-2e26-41e1-b7fb-b7b4034db918

• Ashley Duncan Gibbons, ‘A Survey of Animal Law in the United States: An Overview of Laws That Should Protect Animals and the Barriers That Prevent Animals from Receiving Legal Protection’ (2013) 2 Global Journal of Animal Law 1, available at https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1297

• Stephanie J Engelsman, ‘World Leader - At What Price - A Look at Lagging American Animal Protection Laws’ (2005) 22(2) Pace Environmental Law Review 329, available at https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pelr/vol22/iss2/4

• Davidson Anestal, ‘Chimpanzees in Court: Limited Legal Personhood Recognition for Standing to Challenge Captivity and Abuse’ (2017) 15 Dartmouth Law Journal 75, available at https://commons.law.famu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=alumniworks

• Christopher Hutton, ‘Litigating Animal Personhood’, Integrationism and the self: reflections on the legal personhood of animals (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2019), available at https://www.routledge.com/Integrationism-and-the-Self-Reflections-on-the-Legal-Personhood-of-Animals/Hutton/p/book/9781032093093

• Justin Marceau, ‘How the Animal Welfare Act Harms Animals’ (2018) 69 Hastings Law Journal 925, available at https://www.hastingslawjournal.org/how-the-animal-welfare-act-harms-animals/

• Ani B Satz and Delcianna Winders, ‘Animal Welfare Act: Interaction with Other Laws’ (2019) 25 Animal Law 185, available at https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/32178-25-2-satzpdf

Canada

• Peter Sankoff, ‘Canada’s Experiment with Industry Self-Regulation in Agriculture: Radical Innovation or Means of Insulation?’ (2019) 5 Canadian Journal of Comparative and Contemporary Law 299, available at https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/2019CanLIIDocs2113

• Courtney Holdron, ‘The Case for Legal Personhood for Nonhuman Animals and the Elimination of their Status as Property in Canada’ (Master of Laws thesis, University of Toronto 2013) https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/42864/1/Holdron_Courtney_L_201311_LLM_thesis.pdf

• Lyne Letourneau, ‘Toward Animal Liberation? The New Anti-Cruelty Provisions in Canada and their Impact on the Status of Animals’ (2003) 40 Alberta Law Review 4, 1041 https://www.albertalawreview.com/index.php/ALR/article/view/1350

• Katie Sykes, ‘Rethinking the Application of Canadian Criminal Law to Factory Farming’ in Peter Sankoff, Vaughan Black, and Katie Sykes (eds), Canadian Perspectives on Animals and the Law (Irwin Law 2015), available at https://irwinlaw.com/product/canadian-perspectives-on-animals-and-the-law/

• Leslie Bisgould, Animals and the Law (Irwin Law 2014), available at https://irwinlaw.com/product/animals-and-the-law/

Mexico

• Norma Contreras Hernández, ‘Understanding Animal Protection Policy in Mexico: Suggestions for the Creation of a Culture of Respect’ (Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla 2004), available at http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lri/contreras_h_n/

5. South America

South America generally

• Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, La Pachamama y el humano [The Pachamama and the Human] (Ediciones Madres de Plaza de Mayo 2011) [in Spanish], available at https://www.pressenza.com/2017/08/auspicious-meeting-pachamama-gaia/

• Israel Gonzalez Marino, ‘Hacia un principio de solidaridad ecológica e interespecies’ [Towards an Ecological and Interspecies Solidarity Principle] (2020) 1 Revista Chilena de derecho Animal 143, available at https://www.academia.edu/44723861/Hacia_un_principio_de_solidaridad_ecológica_e_interespecies

Argentina

• María Carman and M Valeria Berros, ‘La amplificación de la existencia de los seres padecientes’ [The Enlargement of the Existence of the Suffering Beings] (2021) 12 Revistadireito e práxis [in Spanish], available at https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2020/48456

• María Carman and María Valeria Berros, ‘Ser o no ser un simio con derechos (To Be or Not to Be an Ape with Rights)’ (2018) 14 Revista direito GV [in Spanish], available at https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172201842

• Barbato Bevilaqua Ciméa, ‘Pessoas não humanas: Sandra, Cecília e a emergência de novas formas de existência jurídica’ [Non-Human Persons: Sandra, Cecilia, and the Emergence of New Forms of Legal Existence] (2019) 25 Mana [in Spanish], available at https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-49442019v25n1p038

Brazil

• Heron José de Santana Gordilho and Tagore Trajano de Almeida Silva, ‘Animais em juízo: Direito, personalidade jurídica e capacidade processual’ [Animals in Court: Rights, Legal Personality and Standing] (2012) 17 Revista de Direito Ambiental 333 [in Portuguese], available at http://bdjur.stj.jus.br/dspace/handle/2011/79608

• Tagore Trajano de Almeida Silva, ‘Brazilian Animal Law Overview: Balancing Human and Non-Human Interests’ (2010) 6 Journal of Animal Law 81, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/journal-animal-law-table-contents-vol-6

• Heron José de Santana Gordilho, ‘Wildlife and the Brazilian Abolitionist Movement’ (2009) 5 Journal of Animal Law 71, available at https://www.animallaw.info/policy/journal-animal-law-table-contents-volume-5

• Gordilho Heron, ‘Animal Standing and the Habeas Corpus Theory for the Great Apes’ (2017) 3 RJLB 4, 713, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3080964

• Xavier Fernando César Costa, ‘Animal Rights and Environmental Rights in Brazilian Supreme Court’ (2018) 2 Law Enforcement Review 1, 133, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3300998

Colombia

• Carlos Contreras, ‘Sentient Beings Protected by Law: Analysis of Recent Changes in Colombian Animal Welfare Legislation’ (2016) 4 Global Journal of Animal Law 2, available at http://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1512

• Javier Cortes Gonzalez, ‘Animal Rights in Colombia: An Entangled Set of Discourses’ (2020) 48 Revista de Bioética y Derecho 245, available at https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1886-58872020000100017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

Ecuador

• Nonhuman Rights Project, ‘A Landmark Ruling for Animal Rights in Ecuador’ (Nonhuman Rights Blog, 23 March 2022), available at https://www.nonhumanrights.org/blog/landmark-ruling-animal-rights-ecuador/

6. Oceania

New Zealand

• Georgiana Jane Fraser, ‘Legal Personhood for Animals in New Zealand’ (Bachelor of Laws Dissertation, University of Otago 2016), available at https://www.otago.ac.nz/law/otago638163.pdf

• Rowan Taylor, ‘A Step at a Time: New Zealand’s Progress Towards Hominid Rights’ (2001) 1 Animal Law 35, available at https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/lralvol_7p35.pdf

• Peter Brosnahan, ‘New Zealand’s Animal Welfare Act: What is its Value Regarding Non-Human Hominids?’ (2000) 6 Animal Law 185, available at https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/New%20Zealand%27s%20Animal%20Welfare%20Act.pdf

• Peter Sankoff, ‘Five Years of the “New” Animal Welfare Regime: Lessons Learned from New Zealand’s Decision to Modernize its Animal Welfare Legislation’ (2005) 11 Animal Law Review 7, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=919620

Australia

➢ The Animal Law Institute https://www.ali.org.au/

➢ Voiceless – The Animal Protection Institute https://voiceless.org.au/

• Deborah Cao, Animal Law in Australia (2nd ed, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Pty Limited 2015), available at https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/animal-law-in-australia-second-edition-ebook/productdetail/122998

• Elizabeth Ellis, Australian Animal Law: Context and Critique (Sydney University Press 2022), available at https://sydneyuniversitypress.com.au/products/138791

• Meg Good and Jed Goodfellow, ‘Key Animal Law in Australia’ in Andrew Knight, Clive JC Phillips and Paula Sparks (eds), Routledge handbook of animal welfare (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge 2022), available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003182351-34/key-animal-law-australia-meg-good-jed-goodfellow?context=ubx&refId=247d650f-3ddd-4117-a555-42e827a376e2

• David Glasgow, ‘The Law of the Jungle: Advocating for Animals in Australia’ (2008) 13 Deakin Law Review 181, available at https://doi.org/10.21153/dlr2008vol13no1art156

• Katherine Elizabeth Russell, ‘Lawful Cruelty: Six Ways in Which Australian Animal Welfare Laws Permit Cruelty towards Nonhuman Animals’ (Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide 2018), available at https://hdl.handle.net/2440/127174

• Rochelle Morton and others, ‘Assessing the Uniformity in Australian Animal Protection Law: A Statutory Comparison’ (2021) 11 Animals 1, available at https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010035

• Morgan Stonebridge, ‘The Legality of Calf Roping in Australia: A Ford v Wiley Proportionality Analysis’ (2022) 41 The University of Queensland Law Journal 59, available at http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/2022/3.html