49                   Caesar crosses the Rubicon from Gaul into Italy; outbreak of civil war

48                   Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus; death of Pompey in Egypt

46                   Caesar appointed dictator for ten years; celebrates quadruple triumph at Rome

44                   Caesar becomes dictator for life; assassinated on 15th March

43                    Octavian occupies Rome and assumes the consulship; formation of the Second Triumvirate

42                    Antony defeats the liberators at Philippi; Julius Caesar deified

37                    Antony abandons Octavia and renews his affair with Cleopatra

36                    Agrippa defeats Sextus Pompeius and the pirates

32                    Octavian reads out Antony’s will to the Senate; declares war on Cleopatra

31                     Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium

30                    Suicides of Antony and Cleopatra