1. It is sometimes said (a) that racism and sexism are equally serious problems, (b) that they are wrong for essentially the same reasons, and (c) that both warrant affirmative action as a remedy.  What do you think? Focusing upon (b) and (c), how would you defend your answers to that question?

2. Whatever the courts rule on legality, do you believe that taking race or sex into consideration in hiring or college admissions is morally justified?  If so, do you think it is justified on grounds of justice or on grounds of diversity (or some other grounds)?  If not, do you think racial and gender inequality is permissible and should be accepted?   How would you explain and defend your answers to these two questions?

3. Affirmative action can be viewed either from a macro perspective (that of the treatment of groups) or a micro perspective (that of the treatment of individuals). What are the central moral issues that arise from each perspective (Section 4.9)? Which do you think is the proper perspective to adopt in evaluating affirmative action? 

4. Should there be a concerted effort to hire more women, African Americans and Hispanics on college faculties?  If not, why not? If so, why, and how should it be achieved?