This self-assessment is also available as a Word file here.
Chapter 5: Self-assessment
Based on the content of the chapter "Immigration, Language and Education"l=, here are 30 self-assessment questions (could be used as graded quiz).
Historical Background & Immigration Waves
1. Which of the following best describes the four waves of immigration to the United States?
- A) All waves came primarily from European countries
- B) The first wave was from Latin America, followed by European immigration
- C) The fourth wave (current) is primarily from Latin America and Asia
- D) Immigration has remained consistent in origin throughout U.S. history
2. The Immigration Act of 1965 was significant because it:
- A) Established the first quotas limiting Asian immigration
- B) Abolished discriminatory national-origin quotas
- C) Created the first restrictions on immigration
- D) Required all immigrants to speak English
3. What percentage of the U.S. population in 2022 were immigrants or children of immigrants?
- A) 15%
- B) 20%
- C) 27%
- D) 35%
Educational Philosophy & Approaches
4. The term "Americanization" in education refers to:
- A) Teaching students about American geography
- B) Educating immigrant children to shed their parents' cultures and embrace American ways
- C) Providing equal education to all students
- D) Offering bilingual education programs
5. Progressive reformers who valued ethnic differences and wanted to avoid "denationalizing" immigrant children too quickly were called:
- A) Nativists
- B) Assimilationists
- C) Pluralists
- D) Restrictionists
6. Elwood Cubberley's views on immigration in the early 1900s reflected:
- A) Support for cultural pluralism
- B) Nativist attitudes favoring rapid Americanization
- C) Advocacy for bilingual education
- D) Opposition to public schooling
Specific Immigrant Groups
7. Which immigrant group predominantly chose public schools over parochial schools, unlike Polish immigrants?
- A) Irish immigrants
- B) German immigrants
- C) Italian immigrants
- D) Chinese immigrants
8. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was significant because:
- A) It was the first U.S. law to provide educational support for immigrants
- B) It was the only U.S. law to restrict immigration based on race
- C) It granted citizenship to all Asian immigrants
- D) It established bilingual education programs
9. Central American immigration in the 2010s and 2020s was driven primarily by:
- A) Economic opportunities in agriculture
- B) Educational scholarships
- C) Violence, poverty, and climate-related drought
- D) Family reunification programs
Legal Cases & Legislation
10. The Supreme Court case Lau v. Nichols (1974) established that:
- A) Undocumented children could be denied public education
- B) Failing to provide English-language instruction to non-English speakers violates civil rights
- C) Bilingual education must be mandatory in all states
- D) Only English could be used in public schools
11. Plyler v. Doe (1982) ruled that:
- A) Schools must provide bilingual education
- B) Undocumented immigrant children cannot be denied access to public education
- C) States can charge tuition to undocumented students
- D) English-only instruction is required
12. The Bilingual Education Act of 1968:
- A) Required all schools to offer bilingual instruction
- B) Banned the use of languages other than English in schools
- C) Funded instructional materials, teacher training, and educational programs
- D) Established English as the official language
13. The three-prong test established in Castañeda v. Pickard (1981) requires that programs for English learners must:
- A) Only use English instruction, be cost-effective, and show results
- B) Be based on sound educational theory, implemented effectively, and evaluated for effectiveness
- C) Include parent volunteers, use native language, and last at least 5 years
- D) Separate students by language, provide translation services, and offer summer programs
Contemporary Issues
14. DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) provides:
- A) A pathway to citizenship for undocumented youth
- B) Temporary relief from deportation and work permits for undocumented youth, but not citizenship
- C) Free college tuition for immigrant students
- D) Permanent resident status for undocumented youth
15. As of 2024, how many states plus the District of Columbia have tuition equity laws?
- A) 10 states
- B) 15 states
- C) 25 states
- D) All 50 states
16. In the 2014-2015 school year, what significant demographic shift occurred in U.S. public schools?
- A) Asian students became the majority
- B) White students became the racial minority for the first time
- C) Immigration rates declined significantly
- D) Bilingual programs were eliminated nationwide
English Learners & Language Education
17. What percentage of English Learners (ELs) in 2021 reported Spanish as their home language?
- A) 50.2%
- B) 65.8%
- C) 76.4%
- D) 85.1%
18. A "long-term English Learner" is defined as a student who:
- A) Takes more than one year to learn English
- B) Has been in U.S. schools for at least six years without being redesignated as a former EL
- C) Refuses to learn English
- D) Only speaks English at home
19. Research shows that it generally takes at least how many years for English language learners to acquire academic language proficiency?
- A) 2 years
- B) 4 years
- C) 7 years
- D) 10 years
20. Two-way bilingual immersion programs are considered "additive" because:
- A) They add more homework for students
- B) Both groups of students can achieve fluency and literacy in both languages
- C) They add extra years to schooling
- D) They only add English to students' repertoire
21. "Translanguaging" as a pedagogical approach refers to:
- A) Translating all materials into English only
- B) Separating languages completely in instruction
- C) Encouraging students to use their full linguistic repertoire for learning
- D) Teaching only in the dominant language
Educational Outcomes & Achievement
22. The theory of "segmented assimilation" suggests that:
- A) All immigrants assimilate at the same rate
- B) Educational and social contexts differentiate paths toward assimilation
- C) Assimilation is no longer necessary in modern society
- D) Only first-generation immigrants can assimilate
23. Angela Valenzuela's theory of "subtractive schooling" describes:
- A) Schools that subtract course requirements for immigrants
- B) The process by which cultural assets are removed as schools assimilate students into dominant culture
- C) Mathematical deficits in immigrant students
- D) Reduction in school funding for bilingual programs
24. The "double disadvantage" faced by some immigrant students refers to:
- A) Not speaking English and not having legal status
- B) Economic disadvantages combined with segregated, lower-resourced schools
- C) Being both an English learner and having a disability
- D) Attending both public and parochial schools
25. Students who are both English Learners and diagnosed with a disability are called:
- A) Twice-exceptional students
- B) Dual language learners
- C) Dually identified students
- D) Special needs immigrants
Policy & Programs
26. The Seal of Biliteracy is:
- A) Required for all students to graduate
- B) An award recognizing students who have attained proficiency in two or more languages by high school graduation
- C) Only available to native Spanish speakers
- D) A federal requirement established in 2010
27. "English-only" laws passed in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts in the late 1990s and early 2000s:
- A) Improved graduation rates for English learners
- B) Had no measurable effect on student achievement
- C) Negatively impacted graduation rates and achievement for ELs
- D) Were immediately overturned as unconstitutional
28. Temporary Protected Status (TPS) provides:
- A) Permanent citizenship for all applicants
- B) Relief for those fleeing disasters or armed conflict
- C) Free college tuition
- D) Automatic asylum approval
Current Context & Statistics
29. In 2021, what percentage of recent immigrant students (attending U.S. schools for 3 years or less) were Hispanic?
- A) 25%
- B) 40%
- C) 50%
- D) 75%
30. As of 2021, what percentage of the U.S. public school population were English Learners?
- A) 5%
- B) 8%
- C) 11%
- D) 15%
Answer Key Summary
- C | 11. B | 21. C
- B | 12. C | 22. B
- C | 13. B | 23. B
- B | 14. B | 24. B
- C | 15. C | 25. C
- B | 16. B | 26. B
- C | 17. C | 27. C
- B | 18. B | 28. B
- C | 19. C | 29. C
- B | 20. B | 30. C
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